03/04/2026
This image shows a cross-section of a tooth and the surrounding gums.
The pink areas are the gums, and the white structure in the center is the tooth. Notice the dark buildup along the sides of the tooth near the gumline — that’s hardened plaque (tartar). You can also see swollen, red gum tissue and deep spaces forming around the tooth. These spaces are called periodontal pockets, and they are a key sign of periodontal (gum) disease.
What Is Periodontal Disease?
Periodontal disease is a serious gum infection caused by bacteria in plaque. When plaque isn’t removed with daily brushing and flossing, it hardens into tartar and irritates the gums.
Over time, this can lead to:
• Red, swollen, or bleeding gums
• Gum recession (gums pulling away from teeth)
• Bone loss around the tooth
• Loose teeth
• Tooth loss
The deeper the pocket between the tooth and gum, the more advanced the disease.
The Good News ✅
Periodontal disease is preventable and treatable — especially when caught early!
✔️ Brush twice daily
✔️ Floss every day
✔️ Keep up with regular dental cleanings
✔️ Don’t ignore bleeding gums
Healthy gums are the foundation of a healthy smile. If you notice bleeding, swelling, or bad breath, schedule a periodontal evaluation.
