02/09/2026
A human tooth is far more than a hard surface used for chewing. Its outer layer, enamel, is the hardest substance in the human body and helps protect the tooth from everyday chewing and acidic challenges. Beneath it lies dentin, a mineralized tissue containing microscopic tubules that can transmit sensations toward the tooth's center. At the core is the pulp, which contains nerves and blood vessels. The root is covered by cementum and connected to the surrounding bone by the periodontal ligament, which helps support the tooth and absorb forces during chewing. Together, these specialized tissues allow teeth to support chewing, speech, and normal oral function.