14/05/2026
牙疼别乱忍!一张图看懂牙齿“求救信号”
一、蛀牙
成因:细菌侵蚀形成龋洞,暴露牙髓或刺激牙神经。
症状:冷热酸甜刺激痛。
怎么治:及时补牙,不然龋洞会越来越大。
二、牙髓炎
成因:蛀牙未治疗感染到牙髓,或牙齿外伤导致牙髓暴露。
症状:剧烈自发痛、夜间痛加剧、冷热敏感。
怎么治:根管治疗(清除感染牙髓,填充根管)。
三、根尖周炎
成因:牙髓炎扩散至牙根尖周围组织,形成炎症或脓肿。
症状:剧烈自发痛、夜间痛加剧。
怎么治:根管治疗;严重情况需拔牙后种植或镶牙。
四、牙龈炎
成因:牙菌斑堆积导致牙龈感染,炎症波及牙周组织。
症状:牙龈红肿出血、牙齿松动、咀嚼痛。
怎么治:洗牙、龈下刮治。
五、牙齿折裂
成因:咬硬物、外伤或长期磨耗导致牙齿裂纹。
症状:咀嚼时尖锐疼痛。
怎么治:
• 小裂纹:树脂充填或全冠修复。
• 裂纹至牙髓:根管治疗+冠修复。
• 裂纹至根:拔牙。
六、牙齿敏感
成因:牙龈退缩、牙釉质磨损。
症状:冷热酸甜刺激瞬时短暂刺痛。
怎么治:使用脱敏牙膏、激光脱敏或树脂覆盖。
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Don’t Just Endure Tooth Pain! A Chart to Understand Your Teeth’s “Distress Signals”
1. Dental Caries (Cavities)
Cause: Bacteria erode the tooth, forming a cavity that exposes the pulp or irritates the nerve.
Symptoms: Pain when eating/drinking hot, cold, sweet, or sour things.
Treatment: Fill the cavity promptly, otherwise it will grow larger.
2. Pulpitis
Cause: Untreated decay infects the pulp, or trauma exposes the pulp.
Symptoms: Severe spontaneous pain, worsening pain at night, sensitivity to hot and cold.
Treatment: Root canal treatment (remove infected pulp, fill the root canal).
3. Periapical Periodontitis
Cause: Pulpitis spreads to the tissues around the root tip, causing inflammation or abscess.
Symptoms: Severe spontaneous pain, worsening pain at night.
Treatment: Root canal treatment; in severe cases, extraction followed by implant or bridge.
4. Gingivitis
Cause: Plaque buildup leads to gum infection, inflammation spreading to periodontal tissues.
Symptoms: Red, swollen, bleeding gums; loose teeth; pain when chewing.
Treatment: Teeth cleaning (scaling), subgingival scaling (root planing).
5. Tooth Fracture
Cause: Biting hard objects, trauma, or long-term wear causing cracks.
Symptoms: Sharp pain when chewing.
Treatment:
Small crack: Resin filling or full crown restoration.
Crack reaching pulp: Root canal treatment + crown.
Crack extending to root: Extraction.
6. Tooth Sensitivity
Cause: Gum recession, enamel wear.
Symptoms: Brief, sharp pain triggered by hot, cold, sweet, or sour stimuli.
Treatment: Desensitizing toothpaste, laser desensitization, or resin covering.
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