03/08/2020
Most Frustating issue faced and re-treatment cases encountered are of instrument separation.
Frequency of endodontic instrument separation:
- According to clinical studies, the overall endodontic instrument separation frequency (either rotary or hand files) is between 1.83% and 8.2%.
- The frequency of rotary instrument separation ranges between 0.13 - 10% and includes several kinds and types of instruments.
- The manual instrument separation frequency
is 0.25% to 6%..
- The highest frequency of instrument separation is presented during the treatment of molars (77% - 89% of all cases).
- A greater risk of separation occurs during treatment of lower molars (50% - 55%) compared to upper molars (25% - 33.3%). Regarding upper molars, the separation of endodontic instruments is 3 times more liable to occur in the mesio-buccal root canals than the disto-buccal ones( reason is due to the distal curvature of the mesial root.
- As far as the lower molars are concerned, the mesial root canals present a distal and a buccolingual curvature. In fact, the lingual curvature of the mesio-buccal root canal is more severe than the buccal curvature of the mesio-lingual root canal. As a result, the frequency of instrument separation in the mesio-buccal root canals is 3 times more common than in the mesio- lingual ones.
- With respect to the root canal curvature, separation frequency rises proportionally to increased curvature:
-> 7% in straight root canals,
-> 35% in averagedly curved ones
-> 58% in intensely curved ones.
- Regarding the location of the separated fragment, a higher rate of separation is observed in the apical third (41% - 82.7%), a lower one in the mesial third (14.8% - 32%) and an even lower one in the coronal third (2.5% - 20%).
- The most common separation site is 2mm from the tip of the instrument. The most common sizes of instruments undergoing separation are No 20-40 (ISO). As to taper, separation most commonly happens in files with a taper between 4% and 9%.
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2. Suter B, Lussi A, Sequeira P. Probability of removing fractured instruments from root canals. Int Endod J, 2005;38:112-123.
3. Tzanetakis GN, Kontakiotis EG, DV, Marzelou MP. Prevalence and management of instrument fracture in the postgraduate endodontic program at the Dental School
of Athens: A five-year retrospective clinical study. J Endod, 2008;34:675-678.
4.Ungerechts C, Bårdsen A FI. Instrument fracture in root canals - where, why, when and what? A study from a student
clinic. Int Endod J, 2014;47:183-190.
5.Di Fiore PM, Genov KA, Komaroff E, Li Y, Lin L. Nickel- titanium rotary instrument fracture: A clinical practice assessment. Int Endod J, 2006;39:700-708.
6. Iqbal MK, Kohli MR, Kim JS. A retrospective clinical study of incidence of root canal instrument separation in an endodontics graduate program: A PennEndo database study.
J Endod, 2006;32:1048-1052.
Below given is a referred case of broken instrument in calcified mesio-lingual canal with acute curvature at apex...
https://www.instagram.com/p/CDb4x6TlhFZmEBFZpF2oqbVXVfpjFk2oTFcwqo0/?igshid=g2mpegz2jf4n