12/08/2026
Regeneration → Apexification → Apical Microsurgery 🦷
An 11-year-old patient was referred with an abscess associated with the UR2. The tooth had a very immature root with an open apex, so we initially decided to attempt a regenerative endodontic procedure, with the aim of gaining further root length and dentinal wall thickness.
Regenerative procedure:
* Local anaesthesia + rubber dam isolation
* Access with minimal mechanical instrumentation
* Copious, gentle irrigation with low-concentration NaOCl, kept a few millimetres short of the apex
* Calcium hydroxide intracanal medicament, kept a few millimetres short of the apex
* Temporary restoration
At the second visit, the buccal abscess had resolved
* Local anaesthesia without vasoconstrictor to facilitate bleeding
* EDTA irrigation to expose dentinal growth factors and support stem-cell attachment/differentiation
* Canal dried
* Apical tissues gently irritated with a sterile file to induce bleeding into the canal
* Blood clot allowed to form approximately 2–3 mm below the CEJ
* Biodentine placed over the blood clot
* GIC + composite coronal seal
Although the abscess resolved, the periapical lesion remained at the 1.5-year review, and we decided to proceed with root canal treatment and apexification.
Despite two further calcium hydroxide dressings, the canal was impossible to dry properly. I obturated as best I could using a membrane and Biodentine apical barrier. The alternative at this stage was a through-and-through surgical approach, which I did not feel the patient would cope well with at the time.
Unfortunately, the abscess reappeared approximately one year later.
By this stage, the patient was 13 and we proceeded with apical microsurgery. The apex had a blunderbuss, figure-of-8 morphology, making it extremely difficult to achieve a predictable seal via an orthograde approach.
He was still extremely nervous, but coped incredibly well with the surgery ⭐️
🙏 for healing now!